Artificial Intelligence (AI) will Make Computer Can Build Communication to Human

In television, you might ever see Dr. Stephen Hawking talked to his students. This Physician famous with his black-hole theory doesn’t have ability to create sound coming from his mouth anymore, by the way he still can talking about something to others, thanks to speech synthesizer technology. Hawking’s speech synthesizer machine is really complex enough. This machine is not only produce sound, but also catch input from the eye reflection of the doctor. It is also be commonly found in voice command application planted in advanced smartphone combine speech organizer with speech synthesizer. The most simple synthetic speech application is really can be found in every PC with Windows Operation System. If you click WinKey + U at the keyboard, Windows will activate Utility Manager, and inside it there is Microsoft Narrator application. This application can be read in every window you are activate, including the button inside it. Or maybe you are ever install Microsoft Reader application at PC. This application purposed to .LIT file is also completed with the ability to translate text to be sound (text-to-speech), and this is as a sample of speech synthesizer technology.

Working Flowchart

As in speech recognition, the application design of synthesizer speech is not only done by information technology experts, but also included linguistic experts. To understand working system of speech synthesizer, let we start from the other name: text-to-speech , means that converse text to be sound. Now, we have got two elements in speech synthesizer, they are text as an input element, and sound as an output element. Process happened between this input and output is called manipulation process. In speech synthesizer, process is divided to two big parts: front-end and back-end. The front-end part has two main functions, first is to converse the raw text filled by symbols like number and abbreviation to be readable letters. As a sample, the first task of front-end part is to converse 1 become one, btw become by the way, etc. This process is also often called text normalization, pre-processing or tokenization. This front-end part is then give phonetic transcription for each words, separate it, and mark text to inside prosodic (rhythm , intonation) units, like phrase (units of words function as one syntactic unit), clause , and sentence. This process is also called text-to-phone-me or grapheme-to-phoneme . Phonetic transcription and this information is then combined and build symbolic linguistic representation which is an output from front-end. Back-end part, is often called synthesizer itself, is then converse this symbolic linguistic representation become sound. This is a description of working flow a speech synthesizer application or text-to-speech.

Synthesizer Technology

The most important quality from of speech synthesizer application is how “natural”, and “intelligible” output resulted. Natural, means that how close the sound resulted from speech synthesizer application compare to a human sound. While intelligible is how easy this output be understood by human. All speech synthetic application try to produce natural output and intelligible in one way. Until now, there are many technology to generate this synthetic sound wave. The most two technology used is concatenative synthetic and formant synthetic. These two technologies have each advantages and disadvantages. The first technology, concatenative synthetic base on links of recorded sound segments . Commonly will produce synthetic sound which are most natural. Anyway, the differentiation between recorded natural sound segmentation of sound wave or a is often produce disturbing sound. Similar with sound of queue number announcement in a bank or a sound of ‘call center “ from phone cellular operator which are state the rest of pulse and active period your phone cellular. The second technology, formant synthetic is not use human sound sample, but it produce synthetic sound use an acoustic model. Parameters like basic frequency, sound strains and noise level is varies from time to time to create synthetic sound wave. Most of application based on this technology produce synthetic sound (not natural) like a robot sound. Remembering the limited of these two technologies in producing synthetic sound, we have to be more patient waiting in further development in several next years or decades.

Android is Predicted Will Take Over Smart Phone

Today we know commonly there are two kinds of smart phone people usually used, BlackBerry (BB) with its variant and iPhone. But recently we are surprised by the releasing of Android technology created by Google. Believe it or not, Android technology actually has some advantages compared to BB and iPhone. In the next two or three years, “open source” operational system like Android released by Google is predicted more powerful and will cover most of smart phone market.

Android vs iPhone

Can Android overcome iPhone? Technologically, it is believed that at least Android can make such a balancing many system application owned by iPhone. Android has advantages coming from the providing of free and various applications, so customer has more handset functions. But basically these two labels of phone cellular have different point of view and philosophy in the application created by their vendor, and automatically market receiving to them is also will be different. Since it was created by the vendor, iPhone did a dictator policy to the application software spreading system. Apple only permit applications released to the market after passing serial tests and sometimes even passing to tight sensors. On the other hand, Android will fully release the software development to each developer, with almost all of spreading mechanism are free, but there are small amount of them are paid. Benefit of the paid system software will also be give to the developer. As the software code provided as open-source, so everyone can create, change, and develop this program, so the developer only adjust it as it is needed. Many iPhone customers use drawing zoom feature for the graphical purpose or only to read comics, but at the time of zooming process successfully done, resolution of the picture will not follow it so the picture quality will not be maximal. While at the Android technology, beside doing a picture zooming, the resolution appeared is also adjusted to the zooming level. It will possible to the picture quality created will be more optimal. For these reasons ‘Time’ magazine consecrate Motorola Droid Milestone as The Best Gadget 2009, while iPhone 3Gs only placed in the fourth rank.

Android vs BlackBerry

People analog BB as a passenger car having ability to carry many passengers, with the free feature called BlackBerry Messenger (BBM). This is the advantages of BlackBerry compared to the Android that don’t have messenger feature as good as BB. But Android is like a Humvee or Land Rover car, owning more durable technology although has a limited in an amount of data space, different with BB which relatively sensitive to data overload so the handset often hang. Although BB can load more amount of data, can send several pictures in one way, but from time to time it’s processor ability will slow down. It will make the user has a difficulty in accessing other features in one time, or in other time when free space is going to be limited. While, although Android doesn’t have advantages like the above features, the ability to access internet with high speed made this gadget can access everything without saving it in a hardisk. Anyway , appearance of BlackBerry so far has been giving many benefit to the user. Accept of the above advantages, BB is also slowly but sure change the people habit, if before this BB released to the market people access email via computer, download it, and answer through Microsoft outlook, since the arising of BB everything is done more simple, and be easier as all of this is done through only one telephone cellular gadget. But for the next time Android is also predicted will hold important position similar to the BB. If BlackBerry make people easier to access e-mail via telephone cellular, in the future Android is believed make people usual and easier surfing in the internet via telephone cellular, not via computer.

Router: Makes internet connection being easier and cheaper

People around the world are usual using internet to make social interaction, business connection, searching any information about housing, healthy, travelling, science,  education, sport  and many other unlimited information provided in the internet. A few years ago internet was an expensive thing to most of people, but today it is going to be more cheap and cheaper to access internet. One of the important  computer’s  accessories used today is modem router.

Router Wi Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a gadget to conduct wireless computer network traffic . But today many routers have a double function also as a modem, and called Modem Router   . So, this modem router  can also used directly to connect several computer to the internet, while common router Wi Fi still need connection to modem to access internet. Nowadays almost all of the computer shops provide router Wi Fi . Modem router Wifi can be a connection bridge to a virtual world or internet protocol  and also can be used to manage wireless network or Wi Fi. Most  of this gadget  also have a security function such as firewall.

In markets, now the price of this gadget is being cut until 50% compared two years ago. Commonly modem  router is more expensive than router only, but the brand is also determine the price. In the past time if we  wanted to get an internet connection , each home in a area had to install modem by themselves. But now using router completed  by Wi-Fi technology they need not to install their modem. Also if in a family in a house father, mother, son, daughter can use each computer/notebook connected to internet by using only one modem.